Japan Is Not Like Your Country

Japan is known for its rich cultural heritage, where harmony, respect, and politeness are deeply ingrained in daily life. As a foreigner moving to or living in Japan, understanding these cultural nuances can help you integrate smoothly, avoid unintentional offenses, and enhance your overall experience. This guide covers essential do’s and don’ts across various aspects of life, from social interactions to public behavior and workplace etiquette. While Japanese people are often forgiving of foreigners’ mistakes, showing effort to respect local customs goes a long way in building positive relationships. Whether you’re an expat settling in Tokyo or exploring rural areas, these tips are drawn from common practices to help you navigate life in Japan with confidence.

Social Interactions and Greetings

Social etiquette in Japan emphasizes humility, indirect communication, and non-verbal cues. Missteps here can come across as rude, but following these guidelines will help you blend in.

Do: Bow When Greeting Others

Bowing is the standard form of greeting in Japan, replacing handshakes in most situations. A slight bow (about 15 degrees) is sufficient for casual encounters, while deeper bows show greater respect, such as to elders or superiors. When receiving a business card (meishi), accept it with both hands, read it carefully, and bow slightly in acknowledgment. This practice extends to daily life, like thanking a shop clerk or apologizing for a minor inconvenience.

Don’t: Engage in Public Displays of Affection (PDA)

Public displays of affection, such as hugging, kissing, or holding hands excessively, are uncommon and can make others uncomfortable. Japanese culture values privacy and restraint in public spaces, so save intimate gestures for private settings. While younger generations in urban areas may be more relaxed, it’s best to err on the side of caution, especially in conservative regions.

Do: Use Honorific Language Appropriately

When speaking Japanese, incorporate honorifics like “-san” after names to show respect. Avoid using first names unless invited, and be mindful of hierarchy in conversations. Even if your Japanese is limited, simple phrases like “arigatou gozaimasu” (thank you) demonstrate politeness.

Don’t: Point at People or Things
Pointing is considered impolite; instead, use an open hand or gesture with your whole arm. This applies in conversations, directions, or even counting change at a store.

Next: Dining Etiquette

Food is central to Japanese culture, and meals are opportunities for social bonding. Mastering table manners will make dining experiences more enjoyable and respectful.

Do: Say “Itadakimasu” Before Eating and “Gochisousama” After

Before starting a meal, say “itadakimasu” (I humbly receive) to express gratitude for the food. At the end, “gochisousama deshita” (it was a feast) thanks the host or chef. Slurping noodles is actually encouraged, as it shows appreciation and cools the food.

Don’t: Misuse Chopsticks

Never stick chopsticks upright in a bowl of rice (it resembles funeral rites), pass food directly from chopstick to chopstick, or rub them together (implying they’re cheap). Also, avoid burping at the table, and wait for everyone to be served before eating.

Do: Pour Drinks for Others, Not Yourself

In group settings, pour drinks for companions, and let them pour for you. Hold your glass with both hands when receiving a pour.

Don’t: Tip at Restaurants

Tipping is not customary and can be seen as insulting, as excellent service is expected and included in the price. Instead, a simple “arigatou” suffices.

Next: Public Behavior and Transportation

Whether you’re riding the train, bus, or taxi, Japan’s public spaces are clean, orderly, and quiet. Reflecting the cultural emphasis on consideration for others is important when riding in public transportation.

Do: Be Quiet on Public Transport

Keep conversations low or silent on trains and buses. Avoid phone calls, and set your device to silent mode. Offer seats to the elderly, pregnant, or disabled.

Don’t: Eat or Drink While Walking

Eating on the go is frowned upon, as it can create mess and distract from surroundings. Consume food at designated areas or standing eateries.

Do: Follow Escalator Etiquette

Stand on the left side of escalators in Tokyo (right in Osaka) to allow rushers to pass.

Don’t: Litter or Smoke Indiscriminately

Carry trash until you find a bin, as public ones are scarce. Smoking is restricted to designated areas.

Home and Personal Etiquette

Living in Japan often involves apartments with specific rules to maintain harmony among neighbors.

Do: Remove Shoes Indoors

Always take off shoes at the genkan (entryway) and wear provided slippers. This keeps homes clean and respects the space. In tatami rooms, go barefoot or in socks.

Don’t: Blow Your Nose in Public

If needed, do it discreetly in a restroom. Use tissues and dispose of them properly.

Do: Follow Garbage Sorting Rules

Japan has strict recycling systems; separate burnables, plastics, and cans. Check local guidelines to avoid fines.

Don’t: Be Noisy in Apartments

Keep noise low, especially at night. Inform neighbors if hosting a gathering.

Workplace Culture

For expats working in Japan, understanding professional norms is crucial for success.

Do: Punctuality and Dedication

Arrive early to meetings and show commitment through overtime if needed. Exchange business cards with both hands.

Don’t: Confront Directly

Use indirect communication to avoid conflict; harmony (wa) is key in teams.

Bonus Customs You Should Know

Do: Respect Bathing Rituals

In onsen or home baths, wash thoroughly before soaking. Tattoos may require covering in public baths.

Don’t: Approach Geisha Without Permission

In areas like Kyoto, admire from afar; selfies or harassment are disrespectful.

Do: Carry Cash

Many places still prefer cash over cards.

Don’t: Bring Illegal Substances

Strict laws apply; even minor offenses lead to severe penalties.

Summary

So there we have it. Adapting to Japan’s cultural do’s and don’ts WILL take time, but it will enrich your life as an expat. Just observe locals, ask politely when unsure, and remember that intent matters. With these practices, you’ll foster deeper connections and enjoy the unique blend of tradition and modernity that Japan offers.